Gall Bladder Stones

                              WES triad-   Wall     of the gall bladder

                                                     Echo     of the stones

                              post acoustic  Shadow of the stones

                              

                            CAUSES OF 

         RADIO OPAQUE MATERIAL IN BOWEL

C                           H                 I                 P                             S

Chloral hydrate          Heavy               Iron            Phenothiazines       Salicylates

                                   metals

                                   

                        Drug Induced Prolactin Hypersecretion

SRI              : Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors 

Psycho        : Atypical AntiPsychotics

     who takes

                        Opiates

     and

                       Oestrogens

IMIgrated   : Imipramines

   to

Hyderabad  : H2 Antagonists

     from

CALcutta    : Calcium Channel Blockers

     for a 

CAT            : Catecholamine depletors (Reserpine)

(And of course the DOPAMINE related drugs which we can figure out ourselves and would'nt need a mnemonic for.. :P )

    

                               J shaped SELLA seen in:

A - Achondroplasia

B - Bone metabolism disorder (Hajdu-Cheney syndrome)

C - intracellular Arachnoid Cyst

LEAVE D, E, F

G - Optic chiasm Glioma

H -  Congenital Hypothyroidism

I - PItuitary tumour

LEAVE J, K, L

M - Mucoplysaccharidoses (Hurler's syn)

N - Neurofibromatosis

O - HydrOcephalus (mild)

                DRUGS CAUSING DIABETES MELLITUS

             BeTa CeLls PRoduce INSulin

                                       Be  Beta agonists

                                        Ta   Thiazides

                                        Cells   CLozapine

                                        PRoduce    PRotease inhibitors, Phenytoin

                                         I    INF- alpha

                                         N    Nicotinic acid

                                         Sulin   Steroids

Borrelia Burgdorferi

Borrelia   - Remember  Bored for Borrelia

When u r bored u BAKE  a Burger (Burgdorferi) and drink Limca (Lymes disease) t

B-Bells palsy
A-Arthritis
K-Kardiac block
E-Erythema Migrans(Bulls Eye)


When u r bored u buk movie TICKets(Tick Borne) At ImaX (Ixodes tick) and eat BULLS EYE(erythema migrans) ice cream at imax 

Life cycle of tick (ixodes) 

Nymphs in mice and adult Ticks in deer

Erythema migrans typical BULL EYE red rash

annular spreading skin lesion with an erythematous leading edge and central clearing

INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS

A common mnemonic for the signs and symptoms of endocarditis is FROM JANE:
Fever
Roth's spots
Osler's nodes
Murmur
Janeway lesions
Anemia
Nail hemorrhage (splinter hemorrhages)
Emboli

Janeway lesions

 Janeway lesions (nontender, macular lesions most commonly involving the palms and soles). Janeway lesions occur more frequently in endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Janeway lesions are caused by septic emboli. Subcutaneous abscesses are found on histologic examination.

Oslers nodes

Osler nodes: Osler’s nodes are painful, palpable, erythematous lesions most often involving the pads of the fingers and toes. Caused by immune complexes

Roth spots

Roth's spots are retinal hemorrhages with white or pale centers composed of coagulated fibrin.

Roth spots are also due to immune complexes (immune vasculitis)

Splinter haemorrhage

Splinter Haemorrhages are narrow, red to reddish-brown lines of blood beneath the nails. 

They run in the direction of nail growth and are named splinter hemorrhages because they look like a splinter beneath the fingernail. 

The hemorrhages may be caused by tiny clots that damage the small capillaries under the nails or  by vessel damage from swelling of the blood vessels (vasculitis). 

The most common cause for splinter hemorrhages is .trauma to the nail

DUKES CRITERIA

BE FEVEER
(*BE - Bacterial Endocarditis)

Major:
B = blood culture +ve >2 times 12 hr part 
E = Endocardial involvement from Echo 


Minor:
F = Fever 
E = Echo findings (not fulfilling a major) 
V = Vascular findings
EE = Evidences from microbiological/immunology (2 evidences)
R = Risk factors/predisposing factors - drug abuse, valvular diseases